Pragmatics (Kartei)

33 Karteikarten

• 1
  Whenever a linguistic sign is used, it is used ...

  - by somebody (a speaker) - under particular ...
• 2
  Semantics vs. Pragmatics

  Semantics: - The study of the system of meaning ...
• 3
  Speaker/utterance meaning determined from ...

  - Semantic information: Sentence meaning (Proposition) - ...
• 4
  Proposition vs. utterance

  - Proposition: Sentence meaning, truth conditions - ...
• 5
  Indexicality

  - Some expressions can only be interpreted in the utterance ...
• 6
  Underdetermination by meaning

  When the proposition (truth conditions) is clear, sometimes ...
• 7
  Five types of underdetermination

  - Of communicative intent - Of speaker's intention - Of ...
• 8
  Underdetermination of communicative intent

  - How is an utterance used? As a promise, a prediction, a ...
• 9
  Underdetermination of speaker's intention

  - What is the speaker driving at? - "It's terribly cold in ...
• 10
  Underdetermination of effect

  - How does the utterance change the world? - "I will." (on ...
• 11
  Underdetermination of intended meaning

  - Does the speaker want to say something completely ...
• 12
  Underdetermination of reference

  - Who is the intended referent? - "My colleage from ...
• 13
  Three central notions of pragmatics

  - Speech Acts - Implicatures - Presuppositions
• 14
  "Speech Acts" by Austin

  # Locutionary act # Illocutionary act # Perlocutionary ...
• 15
  Locutionary act

  Uttering the appropriate expression
• 16
  Illocutionary act

  - Uttering the appropriate expression and ... - By its ...
• 17
  A subclass of illocutionary acts: Explicit performatives

  - Illocutionary acts that are used in the 1st person ...
• 18
  Felicity conditions for illocutionary acts

  An illocutionary act can occur only if: - Conventional ...
• 19
  Classification of illocutionary acts

  - Assertives - statements: "It is raining." - Directives - ...
• 20
  Perlocutionary act

  - Bringing about the effect on the audience (specific to ...
• 21
  The cooperative principle

  "Make your contribution such as is required, at the stage ...
• 22
  Grice's maxims

  # Maxim of quality (try to say the truth) # Maxim of ...
• 23
  Conversational implicature

  - Assuming that our partner in a conversation follows the ...
• 24
  Properties of conversational implicature

  # defeasibility # non-detachability # calculability # ...
• 25
  Properties of conversational implicature: Defeasibilty

  - Cancellability - Implicature can be changed afterwards. - ...
• 26
  Properties of conversational implicature: Non-detachability

  - Linked to the semantic context, not the words, of an ...
• 27
  Properties of conversational implicature: Calculability

  - Can be calculated from the sentential meaning of an ...
• 28
  Properties of conversational implicature: ...

  - Implicatures do not rest on the conventional or ...
• 29
  Conventional implicature

  - Another form of implicature that - *unlike conversational ...
• 30
  Presuppositions

  - Assumptions that must be true in order for a given ...
• 31
  Two views of presupposition failure

  - Russel's view 1905: A sentence is true if and only if ...
• 32
  Presupposition and discourse

  For an utterance to make sense (to have truth-conditional ...
• 33
  Which types of meaning are computable?

  - Truth conditional meaning and presuppositions are ...